AHA, BHA, PHA: What’s the Difference and Which One Is Right for Your Skin?

In the ever-evolving world of skincare, chemical exfoliants have become non-negotiable for smoother, brighter, and clearer skin. Among them, AHA, BHA, and PHA stand out as the most popular and effective. But what exactly do they do? And more importantly, how do you know which one is best for your skin?

Let’s break down the science and benefits behind these exfoliating acids and help you choose the right one for your skincare routine.

Understanding Chemical Exfoliants

Chemical exfoliants dissolve dead skin cells on the surface or within pores, promoting cell turnover without the harshness of physical scrubs. Unlike grainy exfoliators that can cause micro-tears in the skin, acids like AHA, BHA, and PHA offer a more gentle, controlled approach when used correctly.

Each type targets different layers of the skin and is suitable for distinct concerns.

What Is AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid)?

AHAs are water-soluble acids derived from natural substances like sugarcane, milk, or fruit. They primarily work on the skin's surface to:

• Gently loosen dead skin cells
  

• Brighten dull complexions
  

• Fade pigmentation and acne scars.
  

• Improve fine lines and texture.

Best for: Dry, dull, sun-damaged, or aging skin
Common types: Glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid

AHAs are ideal for those looking to restore radiance and smoothness, but they may cause sensitivity, especially in higher concentrations. Always pair with sunscreen during the day.

What Is BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid)?

BHAs are oil-soluble acids, which means they can penetrate deeper into pores to unclog sebum and debris. Salicylic acid is the most common BHA and offers both exfoliating and anti-inflammatory benefits.

Best for: Oily, acne-prone, or combination skin
Key benefits:

• Deep pore cleansing
  

• Reduces blackheads and whiteheadsSoothes inflammation from breakouts

Because BHAs work below the surface, they’re especially effective in managing blemishes and congestion. They're also gentler on sensitive skin compared to AHAs, despite their deep-cleaning action.

What Is PHA (Polyhydroxy Acid)?

PHAs are next-generation exfoliants that provide similar results to AHAs but with larger molecules, making them gentler and slower to penetrate. This translates into less irritation while still promoting cell turnover.

Best for: Sensitive, dry, or rosacea-prone skin
Benefits include:

• Mild exfoliation
  

• Hydration and barrier support
  

• Antioxidant protection

Common PHAs include gluconolactone and lactobionic acid. They’re perfect for beginners or anyone prone to redness and irritation.

How to Choose the Right One for Your Skin Type

• Dry or mature skin: AHA can restore brightness and smooth texture
  

• Oily or acne-prone skin: BHA helps decongest pores and calm inflammation
  

• Sensitive or compromised skin: PHA offers gentle exfoliation with hydration
  

You can also layer or rotate these acids depending on your needs—just ensure you don’t over-exfoliate. Start slow, patch test, and build up frequency based on your skin's response.

Finding the Right Products

At Mirai-Skin, we carry a curated selection of Korean skincare products featuring AHA, BHA, and PHA that are dermatologist-tested, pH-balanced, and ideal for Western skin types.

Whether you're dealing with texture issues, hormonal acne, or just need a glow boost, there’s a science-backed exfoliant that fits your journey.